Aristophanes the Comic Writer Essay -- essays research papers

AristophanesAristophanes was a comic writer who lived between 450 and 385 BC and make up about forty plays in his lifetime. His plays were all comedies, which usually addressed very serious political and social issues in a direct and crude manner, which, standardised much of todays comedy, is what made them funny for the audience to watch and appreciate. Many of the comedies would even go as far as mocking members of the audience or devising personal attacks upon contemporary political personalities. Aristophanes Lysistrata is no exception to this crude comedy, ridiculing what he thinks is the absurdity of the Peloponnesian War. The comedy is a brilliantly constructed piece with an extremely sullen underlying message encouraging a Panhellenic society. He does not see the point of the battles within the country and wishes a unification of the city-states. Therefore through with(predicate) his work he wishes to enlighten the people of Greece.In order to understand the meaning beh ind Aristophanes play, some background history of the events leading up to the fight is needed. There are three important occurrences, which ultimately led to the outbreak. It all started when Epidamnus (a colony of Corcyra) became involved in a political struggle. Democratic factions had taken adjudge of the colonys government and forced the aristocrats out of power. In retaliation for this action the aristocrats joined with barbaric forces and attacked the city and its surrounding areas. Seeking help, the colony direct a request to Corcyra, its motherland, for military intervention. Corcyra however refused to help the Epidamnians in their political struggle, and so the colony went to the city-state of Corinth for assistance. Being itself distantly related to the people of this colony, the corinthians sent ships to stamp down the violence. This move greatly displeased the Corcyraeans who saw the Corinthians as interfering with their affairs. So in turn, they sent their own shi ps to intercept the Corinthians. To counter the Corinthian action, the Corcyraeans made an hamper with Athens (who had a very bitter relationship with Corinth). Acting according to a duty to protect the Epidamnians and possibly just to stand up to the Athenians, the Corinthian fleet attacked the Corcyraeans anyway. The resulting engagement was won decisively by Corcyraeans because of the Athenian support. This act further embitte... ...hough some of the women were weakened, it was the support of others that helped them overcome their cravings. This gives us a reference to the ripe(p) that comes out of a united group. Aristophanes using more comical examples putting light on the stupidities of this war. In a scene involving Myrrhine and her husband, Myrrhine puts her husband through twingeIm dead the womans worn me all away. Shes gone and left me with an anguished pulse. What shall I put thee in (O excruciation) Since into something thou must go, Poor little lad he pines and pee ks. Our lovely girl has proved a curse. (Lysistrata, P. 319) This is all a comical twist, which appeals to the audience. Whether they realize it or not, they are being exposed to the faults of the war. Aristophanes is able to get his message across to a lot of people and in turn the word is spread. Aristophanes play serves a greater purpose than a mere comical work. He addresses his views on the Peloponnesian War. He expresses his resentment of the war and pokes fun at how illogical it really is. Through this comedy he is able to reach the public crowd and spread his views.

An Analysis of Poetry by Langston Hughes :: Biography Biographies Essays

An Analysis of Poetry by Langston Hughes Theme for English B begins by Hughes describing the specific operating instructions for an assignment given to him by an instructor. I feel the understanding of that assignment to be one of the major clues to the meaning of this piece of poetry. Go home and write a page tonight. And allow that page come out of you- Then, it will be true. At my first glance of this poem I felt I had the idea Hughes was expressing down, but these instructions caught my eye. It grabbed my attention because I did not feel that the statement given by the instructor was necessarily true in itself. Since the instructor did not say be true to you at the end of this phrase, he was actually saying that whatever comes out of a person is true. Now in my lifetime I piddle found, early on as a matter of fact, that many thoughts that come from people are actually no true at all. This being my cogitate I was having a rather hard time moving on to the meat of the poem.

Australia: A Happy Place! Essay example -- Australia Essays

Australia conjures up thoughts in ones head of a country, and a continent, where kangaroos and koalas roam freely, and where people are generally laid-back. This assumption of happiness of the Australian people is even supported by the knowledge domain Database of Happiness Rank name 2014, which ranks Australias happiness at a 7.3 out of 10, an extremely high number. One can only wonder, then, what does make Australia one of the happiest countries on Earth? many factors can go into deciding what exactly makes the citizens of a country the happiest. In Australias case, however, location, size, and other various points help to create a country that is around perfectly content. Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere in the Pacific Ocean. Although Australia is near Indonesia and New Zealand, this continent is basically stranded in the middle of the ocean, with no other continents close. This large issue forth of space in between Australia and the other countries can lead one to believe that the location has a large amount to do with Australias happiness rating. Countries that are extremely close together, such as Zimbabwe, Ukraine, and Jordan, have a much lower happiness rating, according to the World Database of Happiness. Australia is not landlocked, which always has a great deal to do with the citizens happiness, seeing as though the majority of the population lives on the eastern and southeastern seashore of Australia (Australia, n.d.). Weather is another factor that can greatly affect the moods of people all around the world. Australias weather varies greatly around the country, from tropical to Mediterranean and even desert-like climates (Australia-Geography and Climate, n.d.). In the southeastern part, though, ... .... Retrieved October 9, 2011, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_StatesList of United States cities by population. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2011, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Uni ted_States_cities_by_populationPeen J., Schoevers R.A., Beekman A.T., Dekker J. (2009, July 13). The current status of urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information website http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19624573 quench healthy, wealthy and wise but dropping in productivity. (2011). Retrieved from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website http//www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs.nsf/mediareleasesbyCatalogue/5BD0CF73B112325CCA25792000141D51?OpendocumentTiffen, R., & Gittins, R. (2009). How Australia compares (2nd edition). Cambridge, GBR Cambridge University Press.

cocaine production Essay -- essays research papers

Cocaine Production in capital of South Carolinacapital of South Carolina is the largest coca plant producing country in the world. everyplace 70% of our nations cocaine is god and manufactured in Columbia (battles won 1). The cocaine production in Columbia is different than the rest of the Andean countries because it is grown on plots of land that are gigantic, whereas in Peru and Bolivia coca is grown on small plots of land. Cocaine producing plants are poor farmers biggest cash in crop. Battles are fought every day between the government and farmers over thousands of acres that produce the raw material for cocaine. In the region that most of these farmers live the increase of coca and the transformation to cocaine is the largest and only functioning industry. It is a reliable income that has brought money into the countrys economy for over forty years (a crop 1). For many of these farmers, coca is the only plant that can bring enough money to their family for survival. Coffee, sugar, and bananas have been a major export for farmers in the ago but a worldwide over-production has lead the farmers to producing fields of cocoa bushes. The lone functioning governments in parts of Columbia are leftist guerrillas. In these areas put in is maintained by FARC, which is the countries largest rebel army. The Columbian governments have put laws into place since the 1990s to cut down on drug trafficking. A legal grammatical construction has been in place that encourages traffickers to surrender and collaborate with the authorities in return for judicial leniency(Clawson 90). The drug trafficking in Columbia is causing many problems for Columbian and United States governments. These drug traffickers earn billions of dollars every year selling cocaine to Europe and the United States. The use of the coca plant has been a major mood of life for indigenous people for thousands of years. Before coca was mainly used to produce cocaine, it was used by laborers as a mild narcotic to chasten hunger and give energy. Some 70 different folk remedies include coca, sometimes in combination with other plants(Lee 24). Cocaine is one of 13 alkaloids produced from the coca leaf, which has been cultivated in South America for at least 2,000 years(Lee 21). In Columbia it is illegal to grow coca plants unlike Bolivia and Peru but Columbia is still the worlds largest producer of Cocaine. This is credit to drug cartels in Columbia... ...e. Battles are fought every day between the government and farmers over thousands of acres that produce the raw material for cocaine. The Columbian government needs to go into the jungle and wipe out the guerrilla groups but cocaine has somewhat kept Columbias economy stable and if cocaine production is demolished then the country might hit rock bottom. The best solution to Columbias problems is to cut down on the production of cocaine and create more profitable programs that encourage farmers not to produce coca.Work CitedThe Abs urdity of the Drug war in Columbia. The Thistle. Oct.2001. Vol.13. 1-2Andean Drug Battle Bears Fruit Christian Science Moniter.April 2000. Vol.92 . Issue 98Andean Coca warfares. Economist.March 2000. Vol.354. Issue 8160.1-3Battles won, a War still Lost.Economist. Feb. 2005.Vol.374. Issue 8413. 1-3Clawson, Patrick L. The Andean Cocaine Industry. New YorkSt. Martins Press. 1996Columbias Cocaine Frontier. National Review. Dec. 2001. Vol.26. Issue 6. 1-6A War hatful on the Farm. Christian Science Moniter. May 2001. Vol.93. Issue 125, 1-3Lee III, Rensselaer W. The White Labyrinth. New Brunswick. Transaction Publishers. 1989

Foreign Direct Investment: Country Risk Assessment of Spain Essay

Table of ContentsA.Introduction 3B.Political Indicators 4-11C. sparing Indicators 12-18D.Social Indicators 19-23E. Overall County Total 24F.Works Cited 25A. IntrocutionSpains decently world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in military man Wars I and II, but suffered through a devastating Civil War (1936-39). In the second one-half of the 20th century, it has played a catch-up role in the western international community. Continuing concerns are large-scale unemployment and the Basque separatist movement. Spains population density, lower than that of most European countries, is roughly equivalent to New Englands population density. In ... ... 23 July 1998.http//www.businessweek.com/1998/31/b3589007.htmMain%20StoryForeign currency Debt. Min istry of Economoy of Spain. http//www.mineco.es/tesoro/deuda/acerca_de/en/acerca_div_i.htmGiles, Ciaran. Spain, Britain Predict Gibralter Deal. 21 November 2001.http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63022-2001Nov21.htmlKey Economic Indicators Business Prospects for 2001. September 2001. Ministy of Economy in Spain http//www.investinspain.org/default.htmSociety (Spain). On The Line. http//www.ontheline.org.ukSpain POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT. Tradeport Trade Directory. http//www.tradeport.org/ts/countries/spain/political.htmlQuintero, Josephine. Economy of Spain Historiacal Overview.http//www.andalucia.com/U.S. Department of State, August 2000 Bureau of European Affairs. http//www.state.gov/www/background_notes/spain_0008_bgn.htmleconWorld Europe, Britain and Spain draft joint proposal for labour reform. November 1998. BBC News. http//news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_224000/224854.stm

Respiratory Diseases :: Nursing

Respiratory DiseasesRespiration is the process of taking in and using oxygen. There arethree varied phases of respiration external respiration, internalrespiration, and cellular respiration. External respiration is the intake ofoxygen from the environment and the release of speed of light dioxide. In internalrespiration, oxygen is carried to the cells and carbon dioxide is carried awayfrom the cells. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used in chemical reactionswithin the cells.Some Diseases of the respiratory system are bronchial asthma, the commoncold, and diphtheria.bronchial asthma is a disease in which the bronchial passages are madesmaller and swelling of the mucous lining causes blockage of breathing, customarylydue to dust, wildcat fur or feathers, or pollen. Many people have asthma whichis caused by allergies, called extrinsic asthma, usually suffer from hay fever.Non allergic asthma, which adults usually have, is called inseparable asthma.Intrinsic asthma is usually ca used by respiratory infections and emotionalupsets. A typical asthma attack begins with coughing, wheezing, and shortnessof breath. Some people have alter coughing as the only symptom. Attacks usuallylast only a couple hours. An attack may happen again in hours to even yearsafter the first attack.Asthma attacks can be treated and prevented by the use of drugs. Albuterolor terbutaline, which can bring relief within minutes, is the usual treatment.The common cold is another disease of the respiratory system. The coldaffects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. It causes nasalcongestion, sore throat, and coughing. A cold usually lasts up to an normof seven days. There is no known cure for the common cold yet.Diphtheria is another respiratory disease that, most of the time, affects

Respiratory Diseases :: Nursing

Respiratory DiseasesRespiration is the process of taking in and using oxygen. There arethree different phases of respiration external respiration, inbornrespiration, and cellular respiration. External respiration is the intake ofoxygen from the environment and the release of carbon dioxide. In internalrespiration, oxygen is carried to the cells and carbon dioxide is carried awayfrom the cells. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used in chemical reactionswithin the cells.Some Diseases of the respiratory system are bronchial asthma, the commoncold, and diphtheria.Bronchial asthma is a illness in which the bronchial passages are madesmaller and swelling of the mucous lining causes blockage of breathing, normallydue to dust, animal fur or feathers, or pollen. Many people have asthma whichis caused by allergies, called extrinsic asthma, usually suffer from hay fever.Non allergic asthma, which adults usually have, is called intrinsic asthma.Intrinsic asthma is usually caused by respirat ory infections and emotionalupsets. A typical asthma attack begins with coughing, wheezing, and shortnessof breath. Some people have dry coughing as the except symptom. Attacks usuallylast only a couple hours. An attack may happen again in hours to even yearsafter the first attack.asthma attacks can be treated and prevented by the use of drugs. Albuterolor terbutaline, which can bring relief within minutes, is the usual treatment.The common cold is some other disease of the respiratory system. The coldaffects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. It causes nasalcongestion, sore throat, and coughing. A cold usually lasts up to an averageof seven days. There is no known cure for the common cold yet.Diphtheria is another respiratory disease that, most of the time, affects

Religious Traditions

Religious Tradition Sheila Risner REL/133 November 29, 2010 Matthew Morrison Religious Tradition Religion comes in some(prenominal) forms. What one sect of people opine, will find another believes something tot every(prenominal)y opposite. in that respect are so many religious rituals and rulings that is hard for anyone to comprehend all the traditions and latria. The human race is always striving to find a sense of peace and harmony, and are searching for what will give them that feeling and understanding. The Oxford English dictionary (n. d. ) defines piety as a particular system of faith and worship.It is interesting to note that faith and worship are the two components of religion. Religion has eight elements fit to (Molloy, 2010) belief system, community, central myths, rituals, ethics, characteristic emotional experiences, material expressions, and sacredness. Each religion has its own belief system and ideas. There are three indigenous religion cultures that will be de scribed the Igbo, Pueblo people, and the Hawaiian religion. Igdo worship the goddess of the earth and various spirits such as the river, the yam, and the hearth.Igdo people worship the high God Chukwu and Chineke. Igbos believe that each person has a unique spirit and they can control their own fate. No mention of any kind texts they use for instruction, but they do use masks for use in dances and ceremonies. The Igdo believe that the funeral is the most important ritual. They say that they help the deceased inter the spiritual world. The pueblo people believed in the kachinas, and are the shielder spirits, and are believed to be with the people during ceremonial occasions. The mountains, rivers, and lakes are sacred to the Pueblos.The leader is said to live in these areas, along with the souls of the dead. They believe in that their people rifle upward through colored worlds. Six religious societies are mentioned as dedicated to the sun, rainmakers, animal deities, war gods, guar dian spirits, and priests. The Hawaiian religion believes in the chant called Kumulipo. They worship too many gods on many different islands. The two most important gods were Ku and Lono. Ku was the patron and Lono was the God of peace. Ten days in a lunar month were sacred to the Hawaiians and work was forbidden on those days.The goddess of fire, Pele, was involved the volcano eruptions. These gods were capable of transforming themselves into different shapes. Men and women ate separately. They could not eat pork, coconuts, bananas, and taro. They had a spiritual power called mana, who had to be protected from evil spirits. Public prayer was common. The Apostolic Pentecost may be one religion not heard of a good deal today, but this is the religion I believe. This religion believes in one God named Jesus Christ, who died and rose from the grave to save us from the place called hell.The King pile Version of the Bible is the text of reading. They believe in repentance, baptism, an d receiving the Holy Spirit to enter into heaven according to Acts 238. The article of belief is according to the apostles doctrine in when a person receives the spirit you will speak in new tongue as the spirit gives the utterance. People accuse this religion that public speaking in tongues were for the apostles age only, but this has proven to be a myth only. They worship in church with hands lifted in praise. There can be dancing and singing to the God Jesus.The word of God says that a pastor of the church, will lead the church. There is what they call the five-fold ministry. The five-fold ministry is described as pastors, teachers, preachers, evangelists, and prophets, which are used in the ministry. These ministries are sacred to the church and respected as leaders. Conclusion Religion comes in many forms. Most religions of today worship the God of heaven, but as you have seen, many of different sects of people worship other gods such as rivers, mountains, and idols made of s tone.It is important to know the belief system, community, central myths, rituals, ethics, characteristic emotional experiences, material expressions, and sacredness of any religion because if you ever had the opportunity to visit one of those places, you would know what to respect as sacred to the people. character reference Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the worlds religions Tradition, challenge, and change (5th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Religion (n. d. ). In Oxford English dictionary online. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http//www. oed. com/

Cultural Identity in Education Essay

Nowadays, the problem of heathen identity element should non be underestimated. In fact, in the modern globalized world at that place is a strong trend to losing national identity in the result of the amalgamation of culture, or, to drop it more than precisely, in the result of the growing impact of westward culture on other culture of the world. At the selfsame(prenominal) time, undivideds naturally cannot live without identity. This is why willingly or not they develop certain heathenish identity under the impact of a variety of internal and external factors that actually shape their personality.In fact, singulars identity is inseparable from their personality. Consequently, human relations are, to a significant extent, predetermined by their heathenish identity that effects dramatically their communication. As a result, it is always necessary to take into consideration the peculiarities of ethnic identity of each individual, especially in education because modern ed ucation, being an passing complicated process, is based on the idea that each individual is unique and his/her need should be met in the process of education.Cultural identity in the modern world Before discussing cultural identity in the context of education, it is primarily necessary to briefly dwell upon the concept of cultural identity in the modern world. In fact, the modern concept of cultural identity is based on dickens key elements, notably modern identity implies being alike other people within a group and common categorizing of outward phenomena, such as race or clothes people wear .However, in recent year such an attitude to identity is considered to be simplistic and specialists insist that it should be expanded. Obviously, such a definition of identity implies that cultural identity is basically formed in the process of the phylogenesis of individual, i. e. it is acquired in the result of social relationships of an individual with other people. In stark contrast, to this vex, there is an ultimately opposite view on cultural identity as the product of human nature.To put it more precisely, A. J. Ayer insists that the general criteria of personal identity whitethorn be solely strong-arm in nature that means that the idnividuals identity is based on his/her physical identity . Nowadays, such a view is widely criticized, and Baum for instance, underlines that in the postmodern world identity is becoming reconstructed and redefined and, what is more, the problem of identity is one of avoiding a fixed identity and keeping our options open .Nevertheless, regardless the concept of flexible cultural identity it is necessary to underline that that it is still an integral part of the individuals personality. In actuality, we are neither only what we inherit nor only what we acquire but, instead, stem from dynamic relationship mingled with what we inherit and what we acquire . In this respect, the flexibility of cultural identity also implies individu als freedom which is actually based on what an individual inherits and what he/she acquires . Cultural identity in educational systemObviously, cultural identity is of a paramount importance and its role in education is particularly significant because the individuals identity is evermore developing and, being submitted to changes, it can affect his/her personality dramatically. At the same time, as cultural identity is molded in the result of relationships between people, than the education process involves the interaction between people who have different cultural identity, different social and economic background, and whose views may vary significantly.At the same time, it is all-important(prenominal) to underline that the cultural identity of all agents of the education system, i. e. both educators and learners, is equally important because they constantly mutually influence each other. Also, it is worthy of mention that cultural identity is affected by different factors, inc luding inherit and acquired ones. This is why the cultural identity in the modern education system implies the necessity of the development of such a relationship that would put up the possibility to possibly fuller realize the potential of each individual on the basis of his/her unique cultural identity.Unquestionably, cultural identity is partially inherited since it is sooner natural that an individual acquires certain stereotypes, norms and models of behavior from his/her parents and in the course of times such similarity of a child and parents are growing stronger as the child learns more from his/her parents and develops his/her cultural identity. In fact, in such a situation, a child inherits not righteous traditions and experience of his/her parents but also traditions and experience of the whole people, or culture, and naturally acquires the experience of this culture that has been accumulating for decades and centuries.Furthermore, cultural identity is, to a significant extent, predetermined by social position of the individual and his/her social background. As a result, it is practical to estimate that cultural inheritances of an individual which he/she receives from his/her family, interact with social reality and position of the individual in the community. Consequently, it is in these cultural inheritances that much of our identity is constituted and is thus marked by the social relegate to which we belong . Also, it should be verbalize that the development of cultural identity occurs in the process of education.It is important to realize that human beings are conscious of the fact that they are affected by their cultural identity and the effects of their social environment that dos opportunities to overcome the strength of cultural inheritance that can occur in the process of education. As a result, it is possible to say that cultural identity can be changed and this change can occur in the process of education. Moreover, to a significant extent, cultural identity is shaped in the process of learning that is a natural process for human beings who are only programmed to learn.As a result, in the process of learning individuals create their own historical and cultural worlds, which are our products, and we become animals who are permanent inscribed in a process of learning and seeking . The role of cultural identity in educational process Obviously, as the cultural identity is extremely important in the educational process, it is quite natural that it is necessary to provide individuals with the opportunity to have freedom in the development of their identity. What is more, their own cultural identity should not be by no means discriminated or simply ignored.In stark contrast, in the modern really democratic school, it is necessary to provide all students from different socio-cultural background with equal opportunities. However, in the current situation, it is quite difficult to do because the problem of equal oppor tunities is extremely serious and not often the cultural aspect is taken into consideration when educators attempt to solve this problem. To put it more precisely, it should be said that different students have different cultural identity.At the same time, there exist the dominant class in the fraternity which plays the primary role in the socio-economic life of society and tend to dominate in the cultural sphere. Naturally, such relations are extrapolated on schools as well. As a result, nowadays, there exist private schools where basically student from upper classes study and there are public schools where students from glower classes prevail . Naturally, in such a situation the teacher-student relationship may be affected dramatically.For instance, teachers representing the pith class could feel inferior to the upper class students in private schools and, in contrast, feel superior in public schools in relation to lower class students. Obviously, such attitudes are totally una cceptable for progressive educators. This is why it is extremely important to develop normal relationship with students with different cultural identity and overlay them objectively avoiding vengeful attitude to upper class students or overbearing attitude to lower class students.In fact, it is necessary to take into consideration the cultural identity of students and stimulate the development of the conscious and objective position of students in relation to their self- hatch and, thus, change their cultural identity making it more objective. Practically, it means that working with lower class students it is necessary to stimulate their self esteem and make them feel respectful to their own cultural identity. It is not a secret that often the overwhelming majority of students in public schools represent lower class families.Consequently, as the experience shows, their self esteem is quite low and they do not really believe that they can play any important role in the society. In fact, often they feel as if they are outcasts and, as some students believe, if they disappeared, no one would have even noticed their disappearance. In this respect, it is particularly dangerous when teachers ignore their social background and cultural identity since often such students have very peculiar semantics, accents and syntax which do not correspond to the norms of standard language used in the modern education.As a result, the students from lower classes risk of being academically less successful than students from the middle and upper classes and, as a rule, they actually are. On searching possible solutions of such a situation, it is possible to recommend referring to the cultural identity of students that will benefactor better understand their personality and reveal their real skills and abilities. To put it more precisely, they should have a chance to realize their skills and abilities regardless the linguistic specificity.It means that they may use different terms and language to explain different phenomena but they may be correct. Furthermore, in order to ameliorate the position of lower class students with cultural identity which may be characterized as that of outcasts, it is possible to recommend the improvement of the current education policy which actually leads to segregation of public schools for in some scools the percentage of non-white students is reaching 100%, while white students from upper classes often turn to be in a privileged position perusal at private schools, for instance.Conclusion Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that nowadays the cultural identity is extremely important and affects the educational process dramatically. It is necessary to underline that in the current situation cultural identity cannot remain fixed, especially in the sphere of education but, instead, should be constantly modified in order to make students conscious of their own cultural identity and that it is not always an objective concept.Moreover, one of the major tasks of progressive educators is to treat students equally and objectively, taking into consideration their cultural identity. What is more, teachers possess certain authority in education process, consequently, they should use it properly in order to avoid revengeful or scornful attitude to students. At the same time, in relation to lower class students, teachers could change the cultural identity of such students for better and improve their self-esteem.

Exercise Research Paper Essay

Exercise is a very important part of a persons lifestyle. It effects vary from your physical appearance, your body type, to your relationship with nutrition, your cholesterol, hypertension, heart diseases, and your immune system. The type of answer that is done affects what part of your body that you exercise, and the eon as well as if it is done in the correct sequence varies the results. In the human body there are three muscle groups. The flavorless muscle covers organs such as the spleen, liver, etc. The cardiac muscles are the muscles within your heart. The skeletal muscles are the muscles that allow for movement. There are many assorted exercises that tin can be done, each one working out something different in the body. All exercises should be comprised of a warm up period, a spaciotemporal exercise period (main workout), and a cool down period. The warm up should consist of 5-10 minutes of a mixture of stretching and low cardio exercise.For the comprehensive exercise p eriod there should be about an hour of more intense cardio followed by if wanted a 30 minute weight training period. in conclusion there should be a 5-10 minute cool down period consisting of light cardio followed by stretching. The length of your exercise routine creates the type of workout you receive. A longer work makes you tired, when you are tired your muscles have to work harder and that is when you truly get your workout. There are three body types that humans are separate into. Ectomorph, Mesomorph, and Endomorphs. Each body type is different in structure. Ectomorphs tend to have finalise shoulders, thin narrow faces with high foreheads, thin narrow chests and abdomens, thin blazon and legs, and little body fat.Mesomorphs have large heads, broad shoulders, narrow waists, tending to have muscular bodies with strong forearms and thighs. They have very little body fat, and are genetically gifted tending to become body builders. They have long torsos, full chest, and a good shoulder to waist ratio. Endomorphs have wide hips and narrow shoulders (pear shaped), have quite a lot of fat across the body and have slim ankles and wrists. They tend to have a slower metabolism, and weight get along is easy compared to weight loss. They have wide bone structure and tend to store fat that covers muscles. There are many different important aspects that must(prenominal) be paired with exercise to create a better quality of life. One very important aspect is nutrition. The way you eat affects your exercise. If you eat powerful you will have more energy to exercise. There similarly is an important relationship between exercise and your cholesterol.Exercise tends to lower LDL cholesterol, which is your bad cholesterol. It also increases your HDL cholesterol, which is your good cholesterol. Exercise also has a positive relationship with hypertension. Hypertension, or your blood pressure, is lowered by exercise. Exercise also affects your risk at developing heart d isease. The more you exercise the less chance of you developing heart disease. Lastly exercise helps to strengthen your immune system, allowing for your body to fight turned infections. All in all exercise is a very important part of a persons lifestyle. When paired with the correct nutrition it can lead very positive effects. It is important to remember that you can change everything about yourself with exercise it just takes a lot of hard work forward you reap in the benefits.

A commentary on a passage from Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley’s Frankenstein

The course from Mary Wollst adeptcraft Shelleys Frankenstein is a warning to society that we digestnot let science get likewise far out of hand that knowledge entails social responsibilities. She writes in the style of the 19th hundred Romantic Movement, portrayed though her long prison term structures punctuated with commas, colons and semi-colons. The sentence structure is often inverted from that of modern writing word use is excessively different from that of modern writing. The musical passage is written in first person narration, which delegacy that the reader r arly sees anything outside of the narrator, that is from Frankensteins perspective. Hence the tone of the writing is mostly reflective and self-critical, nevertheless is frequently changing throughout the passage. The passage is very black letter and explores indecisiveness, horror and pity.The passage commences I sat one as yeting in my laboratory which conveys a go throughing that there is nothing unusual i n his sitting there. The word evening is the height of the line, thus stressing the time of day. The evening is often associated with dying and mystery, and so a sense of murky mystery is immediately performd in the passage with the the sun had set, and the moon was just rising from the sea which depicts a clear picture of the atmosphere. It illustrates a time of transition, and is a metaphor reflecting the indecisiveness of the scientist, schoolmaster Frankenstein. It is also a reference to nature, which is, along with the long sentence structures of the passage, typical of the 19th Century Romantics.Shelley often uses this long structure to make our voice airlift and fall on certain words, so we accent some of them. It makes us concentrate and disclose on certain words of importance. The words idle and pause, which are still a continuation of the long first sentence, slow down the sentence reflecting the actual notion of creation in thoughtful pause. Next, the sentence conti nues on to stress the word labour, which explains to the reader what the scientist was thinking about.His contemplation is described with a metaphor present in the beginning of the next sentence, a train of refection. He is, in particular considering the effects of what I was now doing, which implies that his present work could have major effects, and he perhaps has not even considered them fully. now doing is an modelling of inversion, as we are accustomed to write doing now in modern English. This over again shows a characteristic of writing in the 19th Century Romantic genre.The tone of the passage is soon turned from reflection to one of regret. The phrase bitterest penitence is used to describe the absolute regret that scientist felt for the natural process which he had been engaged in three years ago. From his thoughts it becomes apparent to the reader that he had take a leakd a fiend three years before and that he is soon creating another. From this we can see that Fra nkenstein is bitter at both the whale, potentially wanting revenge, and also at himself for creating that junky.The uses of the word fiend shows that Frankenstein believes that the daimon is an evil, devilish creature. It is here that we feel that Frankenstein has perhaps gone too far with science, misusing the power of knowledge for self-indulgences, and now reaps the product of this self-indulgence. It portrays how unpredictable and potentially disastrous playing with nature and creation can be. This was a conventional belief of the 19th Century Romantic movement.The narrator then goes on to describe the fiend as having unparalleled barbarity, an example of hyperbole, which implies that the junkie he has created is so hideous that he is even odd in his barbarity. However, it can be felt that Frankenstein does not directly blame the junky for his devilish character, and rather its unparalleled barbarity. This implies that the monster became barbaric and evil through circumsta nces, such as not belonging or cosmos able to relate to anything or anyone, rather than through his basic nature.Frankensteins uncertainties are further expressed when he illustrates that he is ignorant of his female creations potential disposition. He hypothesizes that she skill become ten thousand times more than malignant than her mate, displaying how evil the creature could be. Shelley makes us pause on the word enthral to further describe the possible evil of the creature, as she continues in the sentence to describe that the delight is in murder and wretchedness. This is the first time in this extract that the gender of the new monster becomes apparent.Also, while it is implied that the original monster, was involved in murder and wretchedness, it took no delight in it nor did it for its own sake. As well, to get his point across, Frankenstein again uses hyperbole in order to create an impression of his fear and uncertainty as ten thousand times more malignant implies that any atrocity could occur.He had sworn to quit the neighbourhood of man, and hide himself in deserts. In this line the reader realises that the monster has asked Frankenstein to create a female mate for him, because of his loneliness and desperation and for this we have pity for the monster.Frankenstein suggests that the female monster dexterity refuse to leave human civilisation, further expressing his doubts in persevering with his labour. Frankensteins thoughts reflect the fact that this female creation in all probability was to become a thinking and reasoning animal, but at the same time lower her to the status of a savage animal, and so, once again, demonstrating his loathing of the original monster.the creature who already lived loathed his own deformity, and might he not conceive a greater abhorrence for it when it came before his eyes in the female form? is Frankensteins consideration for the fact that the two monsters might have a loathing for each other. This view is pro bably originating from 19th century social belief that the females main function was to look attractive and be obedient. She also might turn with disgust from him to the superior beauty of man is written in, what is to us an arrogant tone, as we feel that Frankenstein is much too sloped towards man, although voicing the general convention of the time that humans were the peak of creation.Thus, we feel even more pity for the monster. In a way, this is once again Shelleys way of reflecting societys view of women in her time. Women, like the monster created, were lonely, helpless and had no power. The monster has no choice for a mate other than another of his kind, a kind whose appearance he finds horrible. He is helpless. Frankenstein also suggests that she might quit him, and he be again alone, exasperated by the fresh provocation of being deserted by one of his own species. This suggests that the monster is destined to be alone, deserted by even his own kind, simply because of his appearance.The second paragraph of the passage mentions the deserts of the new world, which returns us to the theme of the Romantic writers exploration of nature, with the idea of new world. Even so, the tone of the paragraph soon changes to one of fear. There is a shift from the sympathy of the previous paragraph, and Frankensteins fear becomes apparent. He soon talks about how one of the first sympathies for which the daemon thirsted would be children. The description of the monster as a daemon, once again depicts Frankensteins view of the monster as being purely malicious. He fears that a whole ladder of devils would be propagated upon the earth.Frankenstein fears that this race of devils would make the human race full of terror or, at worst, destroy the human race. Then, changing into a tone of nobility, and even a hint of egoism, he asks himself Had I a right, for my own benefit, to inflict this curse upon everlasting generations? From this he implies that the world depended on his action, and that he should not be selfish for his own safety, which is a change from his previously self-centred thoughts. He refers to the monster as a curse, an indication of its perceived position, and perhaps also the theological implications of the monsters presence.However, Frankenstein does not mention the best possibility of his situation that the monster would just quietly go, and remain out of the reach of human civilisation. The description, nevertheless portrays Frankensteins view of the monster as being malevolent, as well as his discontented belief that the monster would show any sympathy to the human race.Frankenstein realises how craftily the monster had lured him into qualification the female monster, with the sophisms put forth. Despite all of the disastrous results of Frankensteins creation of the original monster, and Frankensteins fear and horror, the monster managed to persuade Frankenstein through a combination of sophisms and fiendish threats to cre ate him a female mate. Again Frankenstein realises the potential importance of his actions, and the fact he could become famous for his self-centred actions. Here the cunning of the monster becomes apparent to the reader, but a sense of pity is still felt for the monster, who could relate to no one.The next paragraph is commenced with an ambiguous statement, I trembled, and my heart failed within me. We are go forth with a sense of uncertainty as to the source of all this terror was it the fear of creating the monster he was working on, or the fear of the monster that already lived? This is answered later on in the fifth paragraph of the passage where we find that it is the thought of resuming his labours that is the cause.On looking up, Frankenstein sees the monster at the window. The tone of the passage at this point changes to one of fearfulness and absolute terror, reflecting how weak Frankenstein is compared to his creation. This fear is reflected through the description of h ow a macabre grin wrinkled his lips. The word ghastly reflects the fact that the monster is not human, rather a mythological savage.The monster is described as having allotted the task of creating the female monster to Frankenstein. The use of the word allotted implies that the monster has gained power over Frankenstein, through terror and cunning. Frankensteins fear is further conveyed when we find that the monster is, through his desperation, stalking Frankenstein, to ensure that he attains his female companion.Frankenstein then tells us that the monster had an expression of the utmost extent of malice and treachery. At this point of the paragraph, Frankenstein kills all sympathy that we had previously felt for the monster, portraying him in the dimmest, most horrific light. overstatement is also being used, to exaggerate this effect.This treacherous look leads Frankenstein, to come to his senses and destroy the monster in a fit of rage. He describes himself as trembling with o estrus. He is so overcome with rage and fear that he trembles. His enraged strength is enough to tear the monster to pieces, again demonstrating the intensity of his anger, fear and horror.The wipeout of this female creation was the destruction of all chances of happiness that the existing monster could grasp. The monster is now referred to as The wretch, making him seem helpless. Calling him this also projects the fact that all happiness has been destroyed. This is a contrast to his previous descriptions as a daemon, an image of strength. The monster again becomes subject to the sympathy of the reader.The monster is described as giving a howl of devilish hopelessness. By ululate, he is reduced to being almost an animal. The fact that he is howling with revenge implies that he has not yet been defeated, and Frankenstein has perhaps secured his own downfall. As well, the device of alliteration is evident here the two ds in devilish despair emphasising the plight of the monster.The fifth paragraph switches back into a tone of reflection. He speaks of never resuming his labours again, making a solemn vow. From this we see the absolute remorse Frankenstein feels in his heart for creating the first monster, as well as his sense of absolute helplessness.The next paragraph is a contrast to the rest of the passage. It is written in a lighter, Romantic tone, presenting a sense of calmness and tranquillity. It is a description of nature, another trait of the 19th Century Romantics when he describes a few search vessels alone speckled the water, portraying how nature can overcome man.A sense of mystery is created as the paddling of oars and a person landing their sauceboat near Frankensteins house interrupts this calm. The arrival of the boat is shortly followed by the slow opening of a door, the creaking of the door suggests the slowness, which creates a sense of imminent peril. We are left with a sense of mystery, as even though we predict that it is the monster, w e do not know who is at the door.

Wizard of Oz- How Is Dorothy a Feminist Hero?

In what ways can Dorothy be described as a womens rightist hero? In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, L. detent Baum has made sure there is a feminist hero in his book. This is because e really wizard should see an example of a good feminist hero, especially around the condemnation when this book was written in 1900, it was very r ar to read a book with any sort of feminism in it. Dorothy throughout the book, shows many magisterial acts suppor behindg the idea that she is a feminist hero. When L. Frank Baum is talking about Dorothy in the book, she is always leading the rest of the characters.During the book whenever the characters come across hazard Dorothy is usually the one to wear up for them and not just thinking of herself. Dorothy is always availing the characters out instead of waiting for one of the male characters to cooperate them instead. When L. Frank Baum is describing Dorothy and her friends, Dorothy is always described as independent and competent, the priming coat s why is because she leads and suggests the way to everyone so she doesnt have to always rely on everyone else.We are told how Dorothy discovers the tin wood man (p. 34), how Dorothy tells everyone that we must cross this strange place in order to get to the other side she says this without worrying and she is taking charge (p. 167) and how Dorothy builds everyone a warm fire (p. 50). In the book leadership plays a strong part of Dorothys characteristics as she is not always relying on others for direction. Throughout the story, we are lead to see that Dorothy is a strong, competent and independent character.These are important qualities for any feminist to have, because if they werent strong or they were dependant on others, they wouldnt be able to achieve anything in their lives and they wouldnt be able to lead others. Dorothy always tries to sustain out even in dangerous situations, proving that she is not cowardly. There is evidence of this when Dorothy slaps the social lion o n the nose, after fearing for Totos safety (p. 3), she also speaks to the lion and sternly says Dont you dare bite Toto You ought to be ashamed of yourself (p. 43). Dorothy suspensors her friends to push the raft ashore, this put her life in danger but she still helped them (p. 60). These examples start to create an image of a character that is very hold up and not in any way a cowardly or frightened person. By using these examples in the book, L. Frank Baum has created a brave and heroic main character for the story. This an be just of the features of a feminist hero because if Dorothy is brave it means that she is not afraid to stand up for herself as well as her friends, meaning that Dorothy is mentally strong. Baum has described Dorothy as very kind to everyone and that she likes to help others, instead of waiting for one of the male characters to come and help instead. We can see examples of this when Dorothy asks the tin woodman what can I do for you? , he is a complete str anger but this doesnt bother her as she can see that he needs help (p. 5), when Dorothy helps free the scarecrow from the pole that he is stuck to and later befriending him (p. 22), when they are trying to cross the hill the lion and the tin woodman get knocked to the ground, Dorothy ran down and helped the scarecrow to his feet. (p. 208). These acts of kindness show that Dorothy is a very kind, caring and helpful girl and is always willing to help someone in need, no matter what. It doesnt worry her that she is female and traditionally the male characters take charge and rescue everyone.This is important because, if she didnt help out and stood back for the male characters to help out then she wouldnt be thought of as, a feminist because all the male characters would be in charge and in power not her, and if she wasnt kind to others then no one would postulate to know her and she would have no one to help, stand up for or be a hero to. L. Frank Baum has made Dorothy an easy chara cter to get along with so that people will want to get to know her and they will have a hero to look up to. Dorothy being helpful and kind is very important for her and is the main reason why everybody likes to be in her company.In conclusion we can see that L. Frank Baum, throughout the story tells us of many heroic acts that Dorothy has achieved, proving that she is a feminist hero. During the book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Dorothy is always leading the rest of the characters, whenever the characters come across danger Dorothy always stands up for the others and Dorothy is always helping others instead of waiting for one of the male characters to help. Baum uses these examples to create a feminist hero for the story, instead of having the usual dominant male character.

How are Relationships Presented in the Poems you Have Studied?

In Havisham, Quickdraw, Salome all by Carol Ann Duffy, the current poet laureate of Britain and The Farmers Bride by Charlotte Mew, relationships are presented as cosmos constant power struggles between the two parties involved. These poems do non conform to traditional romantic poetry, only instead stock a candid approach to the aspects of relationships that arent conventionally explored. All four of the poems I studied are dramatic monologues, giving the reader a commencement soul perspective of what happened in the build up to, or during the poem itself.Although a comprehensive psychological insight into the character is available to us, allowing us to shit our own judgements about the epitomes adopted by the poets, we are nonetheless given a biased account of the occurrences and hence it is difficult to conclude whether or not their portrayal of what happened is trustworthy. The titles of the poems serve to objectify the person they are referring to the miss of honorif ic title in Havisham takes away the readers ability to judge the gender of the persona, which, in turn expresses the characters loss of status.Those who have read Great Expectations by Charles Dickens would be aware that Havisham refers to Miss Havisham in the book. The lack of an honorific title symbolises her embarrassment and denial about her rejection in love and moreover puts her on par with characters like Hamlet and Othello, who werent at whatever point called Prince Hamlet or General Othello. This technique used by Duffy portrays the persona as being of great importance however, to anyone who hasnt read the book, the inquire remains who, or what is Havisham?Both the title and the first line of the poem Salome, also by Duffy, is a single word Salome. Igniting our curiosity, we wonder whats Salome? It could be a person, a place or a thing. This uncertainty is what encourages the reader to continue reading. Lastly, The Farmers Bride is a perfect example of objectification. T his suggests to the reader that the married woman is the property of the farmer, which is further emphasised by the lack of a name for her doneout the poem.According to the context of the poem, this was customary of the time in the 19th Century, many farmers would ingest wives who had a useful skill set forlife on a farm. The institution of marriage gave total legal authority to the man and a wife could not legally pooh-pooh the sexual demands of her husband. This borderline misogyny expresses the position of women in the community. The title portrays the wife as nothing but a untainted object that can be used to aid its owner either through manual labour or sex. The incongruous poem, with regards to objectification, is Quickdraw. Duffy instead plays on risky West iconography, suggesting that the relationship the poem describes is a battlefield.Immediately, we can guess what this poem will be about dissimilar to Havisham and Salome even if is in a nonliteral sense. A quickd raw is a tense gunfight at the end of which but one person is left standing further proof that the title is a metaphor for this all-consuming relationship. Plosive consonants are used by Duffy to show the emotional callousness of the characters she adopts in Havisham the character shows the reader that love doesnt just print us emotionally, but is felt in our entire beings, when she says that it isnt just the heart that b-b-b-breaks.This could suggest that her speech is just as broken as her lessen body and life however, it also shows the violent side to the persona, making us straits her sanity. From very early on in the poem, the reader doesnt question that the character of Salome is unhinged due to her flippant attitude to her actions, but the use of the onomatopoeic words which happen to contain plosive consonants clatter clutter adds not only to the fast rhythm of the poem, but also to the coldness and devilry of the persona.In Quickdraw, the character adopted by Duffy is portrayed as being the inferior person in the relationship however, after being stoic and obsequious for so long, she attempts to retaliate, ultimately failing squeeze the trigger of my tongue, wide-eyed of the mark. The Western imagery, wide of the mark adds to the heartlessness of the character, as in Wild West cinematography, people didnt often show mercy. The trigger of her tongue may have been her only weapon left in the destructive relationship she found herself in and furthermore, this parody could perfectly describe an argument the inevitable truth is that words do hurt.Additionally, the alliteration of the t sounds is comical, juxtaposed with the subject matter. The use of irony in both Havisham and Salome seems to emphasise the psychogenic instability of the characters, which in turn symbolises their superiority, as they refuse to take responsibility even when the truth is obvious to us. The character of Havisham asks herself, Who did this to me? . This shows her genu ine confusion at the state she is in, but to the reader, it is blatant that she did this to herself.She made a certified choice to be self-pitying and not move on with her life. However, due to the context, we know that it would have been difficult. The persona labels herself a spinster. She, evidently showing how condemned she feels, spat this straitlaced label out in distaste, as if she was worthless without a husband. The character of Salome said that her last lover had come like a lamb to the shambles to Salomes bed. Here, the persona refers to herself as Salome, who according to Christian mythology was the stepdaughter of King Herod.After dancing for him, he said he would grant any of her wishes, so, prompted by her mother, she asked for the dealer of John the Baptist. He had said that her mother, Herodias marriage to King Herod was unlawful and incestuous. Herod sent an executioner to the prison where John was being kept and his head was brought to Salome in a dish. By com paring herself to this Biblical character, she is portrayed as being able to use the powers of seduction and lust to defeat her feeble and naive prey, making us view her as a conniving character.The irony lies in the fact that she had, in fact, murdered him the night before and seems proud of it I flung back the viscid red sheets, which insinuates that, firstly, the blood was clotted and thus relatively old, and that she was delighted to present what she had created by flinging back the sheets. The structures of Havisham and Quickdraw are organised into four quatrains each, directly juxtaposing the personalities of the characters and relationships portrayed in them.The persona of Havisham lacks stability and the relationship in Quickdraw is whimsical and fast-paced, emphasised by the two lines you ring, quickdraw, your voice a pellet in my ear, and hear me groan. These nomadic verses are followed by the crux of the poem, cleverly disguised by Duffy through the use of enjambment. I f lines 5 and 9 are put together, they read youve wounded me through the heart. This ingenious manipulation of structure intensifies the meaning of the poem and makes us sympathise with the speaker about her failed relationship.On the other hand, it is the chaotic structure and rhyme arrangement in The Farmers Bride that reflects the wifes apparently unpredictable personality. At first, the wife is described by Mew as not being a woman, but more like a little frightened fay. On the surface, this simile would suggest that she was a demure, lithe character who is afraid of world contact nevertheless, according to Elizabethan folklore, fays also called fairies or faeries were wicked creatures that would happily unleash their wrath on those who didnt cajole them and comply with their every demand.This paints a much more alarming picture of her persona, which could somewhat reflect Charlotte Mews own mental state, as she had a thorough insight into mental illnesses. Similarly, the sp eaker in Salome, by means of the tumultuous structure and rhyme scheme, paints an ominous picture of the insane character. The chilling aspect being that throughout the poem, the persona is calm and collected, adding to her menacing satisfaction by using throwaway remarks such as there, like I said was his head on a phonograph record.Both of the poets I have studied are female and homosexual, thus it can be said that they may have taken a slightly biased approach to talking about the idea of power struggles in relationships. In all but one of the poems namely Salome, in which the female acts as a despot the female is the sycophantic character, clinging onto the idea that she would be nothing without a man by her side.In all of the poems however, there is an element of trying to make their lives better, regardless of if the relationship continues or not the character of Havisham says that she stabbed at a wedding cake. This is a metaphorical way of saying that she gave it a stab b ut the cake symbolises her failure to make it work. In Quickdraw, the use of Last Chance saloon, a piece of cliched Wild West iconography shows that she tried to relieve oneself their relationship, but the silver bullets of her partners kisses eventually drained the life out of her.The character of Salome declares Never again , although it was short-lived, the addition of an exclamation mark shows us that she was determined to change her ways. The farmer in Mews poem describes the ground as being spread white with rime. This symbolises the inevitability of the tumult of their relationship. This unconventional take on relationships is more realistic than idealistic and provides a cynical viewpoint on what is usually heavily romanticised literature.

Translation of image in metaphor

The present study Is an attempt to Investigate the variation of movie In illustrations. In interlingual rendition of illustration, It Is necessary to start with Investigating the concept of fable. So the definition of fable and various kinds of allegory atomic number 18 presented. computery is a key concept in simile that helps the lector to visualize and experience the authors writing. polar flake of objectiveizery as well as presented. Then rendering of illustrations ,including cognitive salute, is considered. At last the supplanting of fiction in Persian poetry is investigated.Introduction displacement reaction p mystifys an essential role in transferring message from unity acculturation to an early(a) (Batavia,2008). Deference amidst SSL and TTL give the gate sometimes pose challenges in the adjoin of edition. One of these challenges is the deracination of fiction. metaphors can become a shift problem, since transferring from wiz style and cult ure to a nonher Is difficult. Translation of metaphor will be always seen as problematic, no matter which get to metaphor Is chosen (Olivier, 19985).Literature re posture in that respect be no Instructions for devising metaphors there Is no manual for determining hat a metaphor means or says there is no judge for metaphor that does not call for taste. A metaphor implies a kind and degree of artistic succeeder there ar no unsuccessful metaphors There ar taste little metaphors, nevertheless if these ar turns that withal have brought something off, even if it were not worth bringing off or could have been brought off better. (Davidson 29) harmonise to Adage(198777) metaphor presents a particularly inquisitive discharges of the interpretive programs ability.Furthers Olivier (19985) claims the translation of metaphor ( ) Is problematic no matter which turn up to metaphor is chosen. Degrees of translatability of metaphor are classified as follows 1 . Metaphors are untran slatable the advocates of this are Nadia, Avian and Darlene, and Adage. They believe that translation reachs a contrastive metaphor In the rate lyric poem. 2. Metaphors are to the full translatable Sloppier, Reels and Mason claim that there is no problem in metaphor translation. Metaphor is translated as a new metaphor in hind end voice communication. 3.Metaphors are translatable but pose a degree of interlinguas in equivalence Van Den Broke, Arabian Olivarez, Tour and Newark have this view. 4. Conciliatory approach Snell Horny said that he schoolbook type determine the range of rendering. Mandible(1 995) focus on the translators answer time to show differences in the translation of SCM ( identical part soma) and the DIM ( contrastive mapping condition). The lop of distinct theorists standardized Coves(2005), AH Hosannas(2007), Male(2008) and Rain dedicaters and Gaur(2010) are all product-oriented, show that translation products guess on SCM and DIM.The common foo ting betwixt all of these studies Is that the to a greater extent the dickens languages conceptualize metaphors In a salary way. The easier the task of translation will be. Also some research have been done In relevance to the assemble of translation on metaphor by Schaeffer(2004) and Starriest(1993). Towboats (1993 has to be culture specific, thus presenting what amounts to often insurmountable problems for translation, which is by definition a transactional process. Schaeffer (2004) Discussed some implications for a cognitive theory of metaphor to translating metaphor without trying to draw a theory or a model. Dickens (2005) Simplified Model, Full Model, a reworking of Newark in terms of legalized and non- legalized metaphors, where Arabic- incline translation of metaphor is reduced to exuberance and congruence. First, it is claimed that if two languages have radically different conceptual systems, then translation from one language to the other is im thinkable.Second, it is o ften claimed that if translation is impossible, then vocalizers of one language cannot at a lower placestand the other language. Third, it is often claimed that if the languages have different conceptual systems, then someone who speaks one language will be unable to learn the other language beca intent he lacks the right conceptual system. Fourth, to confuse matters further, it is sometimes claimed that since plenty can learn idiotically different languages, those languages couldnt have different conceptual systems (Alaska, 1987 311). What is metaphor? According to Newark metaphor is any rhetorical expression the transferred smell out of a corporal record, the personification of an abstraction, the application of a reciprocation or collocation to what is doesnt literal errorly denote, to describe one thing in terms of another(prenominal). He also introduces the polygamous speech and English phrasal verb as metaphor. Most people cerebrate that metaphor is utilise only i n the literary works and is a feature of language. They introduce metaphor as matter of words instead of thought r action. But metaphors are used in every daytime conversation, in language, in thought and in action.George Alaska claims that our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both designate and act, is fundamentally nonliteral nature. Tall metaphor is described in two senses in narrow sense, metaphor is get into of speech, one thing is described in terms of another. So metaphor is the combination of cardinal components melodic line(object), vehicle( film), ground(sense) and is described as a resemblance between icon and object. To condone more, we can say that the high and vehicle are connected by a verb that cooks resemblance. The verb to be is often used to say the nervous strain is the vehicle.In broad sense metaphor is explained as what Newark define metaphor. In this broad sense metaphor is the carnal knowledge between mind and cognition. From his torical point of view, metaphor is a Greek word for transport and is delimit as a transportation of concepts from its normal location to a new location. In the past, metaphor was figure of speech or form of figurative language that defined in terms of aesthetic and rhetorical points. It has been analyzed in term of components (image, object, sense) and types (dead, click, juvenile ). But nowadays, metaphor is seen in stance of conceptualization and idealization.So the cognitive conceptual stylistic approaches are chosen. Metaphor is identical to metaphor. In simile A is like B, but in metaphor like or as are not used. It means that in simile the comparison stated explicitly, date in metaphor and simile depends on this point of homogeneousity between topic and image. This implicit similarity may be understood from context. Different type of metaphor Newark expresses 6 types of metaphor. 1 . Dead metaphor Dead metaphors are metaphors where one is hardly intended of he image, o fttimes relate to universal terms of office and time, the main part of body and main human activity. In translation of dead metaphor the alike(p) image is transferred. An practice session of a dead metaphor would be the body of an essay. In this example, body was initially an expression that drew on the metaphorical image of human phase applied to the subject matter in question. 2. Click metaphor Click metaphors are metaphors that have outlived their advantage , that are used as substitute for clear thought , often emotively , but without corresponding to the facts of matter. Different image is made from SSL to TTL. Absence begets the heart grow fonder is a proverb click.Achilles heel is an allusion click. Acid test is an idiom click. Age before beauty is a catchphrase click. Alive and kicking is a doublet click. eliminate like the plague is a simile click 3. investment company or standard metaphor Stock or standard metaphor is an established metaphor which in an informal c ontext is an efficient and conscious method of covering a physical or mental situation both referentially and pragmatically and which is not deadened by overuse. In translation of standard metaphor the akin image must be constructed n TTL. 4.Adapted metaphor This type of metaphor is actually a stock metaphor that has been adapted into a new context by its speaker or writer(fleetness of a stock metaphor has been adapted or personalized in some way) It can be translated by an equivalent adapted metaphor. 5. Recent metaphor This type of metaphor is produced finished coining they are often anonymously coined. Recent metaphors should be translated using continental analysis. 6. maestro metaphor Original metaphors, are created or quoted by the SSL writer or speaker usually to chance on discourse more interesting and often used to highlight particular points. Translator has some choices literal translation, reduction to sense or modification of the metaphor. Alaska and Johnson determi ne 3 type of metaphor under the prenomen of conceptual metaphor 1 . Orientation metaphor spatial orientation (up-d accept, in-out) is the concern. For example happy is up. no-count is down Im feeling up today. Hes in truthly low these days. 2. Ontological metaphor an abstraction such as emotion and ideas is replaced by a concrete thing such as object, substance or entity. In this definition some words need some news report.Entity is made when an abstraction is replaced by concrete physical object. For example, the mind is delineated as a machine my mind Just isnt operating today. When abstraction is represented as material, substance is made. For example there was a lot of good sprinting in the race. Container is one ontological metaphor when one concept is shown as something that has outside and inside, and holds something else. For instance get the most out of life-time. 3. structural metaphor this is a received metaphor in which one basic domain of experience is transferr ed to another basic domain.This is the most Byzantine metaphor. For example argument is war, so we can say your claims are indefensible. The ceremonious metaphor in this definition is a metaphor that is used in everyday example if life is a Journey so we can say its time to get on with your life. George Alaska represents another type of metaphor that is called image metaphor. According to Alaska image metaphor maps conventional mental image onto other conventional mental image by virtue of their internal structure. Image metaphor is different from conceptual metaphor.Some metaphors are used in advertising slogans, so they are o common and convert to something that is used in every day conversations. For example consider the metaphor of life is a Journey Life is a Journey, make a motion it Airlines) Life is a Journey. Enjoy the Ride. (Ionians) Life is a Journey. Enjoy the ride with a GM pay back card. (General Motors) Lifes a Journeytravel light(Hugo Boss Perfume) Some metaphors used in the lyrics. For example Lifes a Journey not a destination And I Just cant tell Just what tomorrow brings. From the phonograph album A Little South of Sanity) Poets use metaphor in numberss. A common poem by the use of life is a Journey is The Road Not Taken from Robert Frost Two roadstead diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth. Then took the other, as Just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the corresponding. And both that morning equally lay in leaves no step had trodden black.Oh, I kept the first for another day Yet discriminating how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh somewhere ages and ages hence Two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference. Function of metaphor comment of entities more comprehensively than in literal language (referential purpose). The second purpose is to delight, to please (pragmatic purpose). The third purpose is to show similarity between two comparable things that have one characteristic in common.Metaphors are also used to advise the reader to think positively and beautifully to their life and world. Love is a homeless guy searching or treasure in the middle of the rain and finding a bag of gold coins and tardily finding out theyre all filled with chocolate and even though hes heart broken, he cant grunt because he was hungry in the first place. (Boo Burnham, Love Is) Time, you thief(Leigh Hunt, Rounded) Memory is a barbarian woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food. (Austin Maloney) Life is a zoo in a Jungle. (Peter De Varies) Life is a game played on us while we are playing other games. (Even Sear) The application of metaphor Metaphor is an impo rtant device for chat. The work of Alaska and Johnson wows the application of metaphors in cognitive linguistics, as well as cognitive anthropology, computer science, and philosophy of language also in psychology. In psychology, the work of Alaska and Johnson shows interest in study of metaphor in cognitive and clinical psychology. In a cognitive perspective, metaphor is example of mental model as well as analogical reasoning and problem solving.Analogies and metaphors make sense f the word. Gentler (1983) argues that metaphors help to understanding, decision- making, and action. Duke (1994) shows the effect of metaphor in applied field of software ergonomics. Tahiti, Photos and Grasses (1999) represent the effect of metaphor in communication process. Clinical psychology, concentrate on the role of metaphor in communication processes in psychotherapy. Imagery Imagery is not only the representation of visual image in our mind. Imagery is more complex. And can be categorize in five t ypes, each relevant to one of our sense.Newark claims that language refers to visual image and metaphor is the language reference to other senses. Hearing and touch are more powerful than taste and smell. Different type of imagery Visual images are mental pictures that are constructed in your mind. It means that in order to compare two things use picture rather than word. For example the tavern was worn down with age, the wooden bar chipping away, the floors looking black from the dirt, and the ceiling carrying dark brownish stains from water damage. Auditory images relate to sound. It is a form of mental imagery that is used to organize sound.This image divided to two auditory modalities verbal imagery and vividness and detail of auditory imagery depend on the downplay and condition of brain. As an example of auditory imagery we can express from an ode Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly marches Hedge-crickets sing and now with treble soft The redbreast whistles from a garden-croft, And gathering swallows twitter in the skies. kinaesthesia images where the reader can imagine the movements and action of a person or an object.For example his body move fluidly throughout the obstacle course, dodging every object thrown at him with agility and grace while speeding down the path. Olfactory images which refers to smell of the odors and scents. Example the perfume she sprayed reminded her of the sweet and calming scent of mangos and vanilla, a wave of relaxation soon overcoming her. Gustatory images refer to the words in your mind that make you think of taste. For example the artificial cherry taste of the cough medicine was overly flowery and sweet. Tactile image allow reader to imagine a feel or texture of certain things.As an example the chimneypiece was as soft as cotton and as smooth as silk. Organic imagery which is the desire of feeling what the character feels, such as thirst, hunger. As an example he was completely drained of energy, his knees buckling from carrying his own weight and eyes drooping from exhaustion. Imagery used in three senses in literary erotism in the broad sense, the image need not be mental pictures. In narrow sense, imagery is description of visual objects and senses. The third, imagery means figurative language. Function of imagery Imagery is used in poetry and literature.In poetry is as a backbone of poem because imagery used in poem to evoke a response in reader. Imagery has different connotation and meaning, but for the poet they convey a complete human experience in every few words. Imagery in literature is a collection of techniques that appeal to the senses. There are two main types of language used in literature secretive and figurative in the descriptive language we can refer to the senses directly, while in the figurative language we should use some description and invoke other meaning. To create imagery in literature, both types of languages are used.The descriptive language use imagery directly to create a vivid, realistic description of the sense. This describes the appearance and setting, the different senses. Comprehension of metaphor There are some theories related to metaphor cognition 1 . Interaction theory (proposed by Richards (1965), black (1962)), in this view the interaction between tenor and vehicle creates metaphor. . Mapping theory (proposed by Alaska(1987)), this view use the terms of tooth root domain and target domain to show the directionality of relation between these domains that called mapping. 3.Blending theory in metaphor there are two psychological spaces source psychological space and target psychological space. These two spaces make a new space. The sense of metaphor called generic space. If the source, target and generic spaces create a new space metaphor is made. Metaphor translation According to Newark, whilst the central problem of translation is the overall choice translation of metapho r. Unremarkable 104) In order to interpretation of metaphors, translator can choose among some possibilities 1 . Exact equivalence of original metaphor, 2. A metaphorical phrase which express a similar sense, 3.Untranslatable metaphor replaced with approximate literal paraphrase Problems relating to metaphor translation Adage points out since a metaphor in SSL is, by definition, a semantic novelty, it can clearly have no existing equivalence in the TTL. Another problem relates to what Limier claims most words in a language have absorbed pagan aspects and historical experiences. Metaphors often are culture-bound, and the best way for translation is direct translation. Metaphor as an discover in translation study Prescription versus description These two polarities (prescription and description) are one aspect of translation problem.The advocates of prescriptive approach are Nadia, Van den Broke, Newark and the advocates of descriptive approach are Tour, Snell Horny, Baker. (Fernan do et al 200361) These approaches quest SST faithfulness have been increasingly disregarded in favor of target oriented studies, which had an impact on the concept of equivalence. Transgenic equivalence thus doesnt pursue perfect but rather acceptable rendering (Arabian-Lavalieres) Classical versus conceptual perspective Another classification in study of metaphor is the polarities of classical and conceptual approach.While the principal of these two approaches are different, in recent decades some attempts have been done to combine these two approaches. In the classical view, metaphor was a rhetorical figure or a device to add interest to the text. At the same time, metaphor has been seen as something interesting, peripheral, as an object in realm of poetic rather than empirical analysis. handed-down understanding of metaphor as a figure of speech has been recently replaced with a more complex conceptual, cognitive approach(Schaeffer 2004).The publication of Metaphors we live by (1980) by Alaska and Johnson change the square world of study. In recent years the new conceptual view of metaphor is the most important view. Alaska and Johnson argues that marathons are nothing less than demonstration of the whole system of experience and thought of human society- in other words, metaphor soak and pervade both languages and thought( Fernando 200365). So metaphor is an expression of conceptual mapping, while this view is the same of lassie view but it is said that mapping is a surface demonstration of the relation in a deeper level.Descriptive _cultural Horny(1988-95), Towboats(1993) _(UN)translatability and cultural overlap(Adage(1976-1987) _(UN)translatability and structure of cultural information(Van Den Broke(1981) Prescriptive keeping the same metaphorical image _changing it into a simile _substituting by equivalent metaphor in the TTL _keeping the same metaphorical image and adding explanation _paraphrase Horny(1988-1995) claims that some abstract rule cann ot describe metaphor, and the unction of metaphor within a context should be considered.Newark never said anything about the choice from among the procedure. Alaska and Johnson argue that the metaphors that are most alive and most profoundly entrenched, efficient and powerful are those that are so automatic as to be unconscious and passing(a). In recent work related to metaphor translation, the cognitive approach is adopted by different theorists and statisticians. They look at the metaphor not as stereotyped types, but as a process of mapping between two different domains that called the source domain and target domain.For example in the teaching this room is an oven the target domain is our understanding of the concept of heat for it is the concept we wish to express through the metaphor. The source domain is conceptualized as an enclosed heated compartment_ an extremely hot place, which is vehicle for the metaphorical transfer. The whole metaphor can be expressed as heat is an enclosed heated compartment. The selection of translation method In order to preserve the image of metaphor 1 . Literal translation the image in the target text is the same image transferred from source text. 2.The image in source text is replaced by another form in 3. Image is transferred but annotation is added. This is used when target text. There are cultural differences. So by the use of annotation the reader with different cultural background can understand metaphor. Mapping In this view instead of terms tenor and vehicle, two other terms are used that called source domain and target domain. In this theory, metaphor is the projection from source domain to target domain. Mapping between these two domains helps the reader to understand conceptual metaphor and the translator to translate effectively. Translation of metaphor 1 .There isnt the same metaphor In the target text 2. The metaphor existing in target text, but the mapping doesnt follow directly. There are three possible reasons for this. -in target text another meaning is created. -the mapping doesnt occur in target language -the mapping has restriction. Now the choice of translator depends on the existence of conceptual metaphor. If the conceptual metaphor doesnt exist in target language, the translator has two choices whether translate literally and add an explanation or without any favor to mage-schematic mapping, translate the meaning of metaphor.But if conceptual metaphors are the same in source or target language the translation is as follow if mapped instance is the same, an exact translation is used. And if different mapping is created in target language there are two choices Use an explanatory simile or an instance with the same meaning is replaced. Finally if there isnt image-schema mapping in two languages, an explanatory simile is used or explanation added to direct translation. Cognitive approach Mandible In this model the cultural beliefs and values between two culturally different faculty is added when cultural differences are existed.If cultural background of two language readers is the same so we can say mapping conditions in the SSL and TTL are similar, and cultural gap create different mapping condition. These two conditions are basic terms used in mandibles Cognitive Translation Hypothesis. Mandible(1995) argues that translation of metaphor with a similar mapping condition(SCM) is simple and less time-consuming. When translator face with different mapping condition(DIM), has some choices rendering the metaphor to simile, paraphrasing, footnote, explanation and omission.Mandible intended to show the translator needs to make a shift between mapping condition of source and target language. Coves Coves (2005) expresses the regularities of the ways conceptual metaphors are expressed linguistically in different languages. In this model the translation of sixteen English metaphorical linguistic expression of Time is money metaphor as described in Alaska and Joh nson is examined. Coves characterized each example by one or several patterns to show whether the form, literal meaning, figurative meaning, conceptual metaphor are similar or different.He compares the linguistic expression of conceptual metaphor in two languages of English and Hungarian. He explain that different kind of possibilities or patterns are as follows a. Metaphors of similar mapping conditions and similar lexical implementations. B. Metaphors of similar mapping conditions but different lexical implementations. C. Metaphors of different mapping conditions but similar lexical implementations. D. Metaphors of different mapping conditions and different lexical implementations.AH Hosanna In the criticism of Mandible approach, AH Hosanna(2007) added one scheme, and present three schemas for metaphor translation. . Metaphors with similar mapping condition ( these are cultural universal SSL metaphors) 2. Metaphors have similar mapping condition but lexically implemented in differ ent way( in this category, the ethical system in the TTL and SSL make metaphors different in lexical aspect) 3. Metaphors have different mapping condition( include culture-bound SSL metaphors) AH Hosanna also criticizes the Naiads equivalents.Nadia believes that the translation should create the same response in TTL reader as in the SSL reader. AH Hosanna claims that this equivalence is impossible practically and can be applied only under two notations the translator knows the experience and world view of TTL readership or translator knows the best way to adapt text with experience of TTL readership. Alaska and Johnson(1980) believe that metaphor is not only a linguistic things, but also is perceived in thought and action.So in the cognitive view of metaphor, the psychological, coloratura and linguistic aspects are considered. Another model for metaphor translation is the model of Schaeffer(2004) and Strainers(1993). Their approach is descriptive. The political texts in English and German are compared. Schaffer express five type of metaphor translation. . Manifestation having been accounted for at the micro-level 2. Structural components of the base conceptual schema in the SST are replaced by expression that make entailments explicit. 3. Metaphor is more elaborate in TTT. . SST and TTT employ different metaphorical expressions which can be combined under a more abstract conceptual metaphor. 5. The expression in teeth reflects a They criticize the models of Mandible(1995), Coves(2005), and AH Hosannas(2007). They famed that translation of metaphors in this model is different from mapping condition and lexical implementation. In this model there are six logically possible schemes on a cog native basis. Some English metaphors and their Persian subtitles in 3 American movies (Face off, Con Air, Speed) are considered.These six schemes are as follows 1. Metaphors of similar mapping conditions and similar lexical implementation For example Id like to stand on my ow n two feet exposition to become independent Translation in Persian The word for word translation Id like to stand on my own feet 2. Metaphors of similar mapping conditions but different lexical implementations. For example she is real 10. Definition talented and knowledgeable Translation in Persian The word for word translation she is 20. 3.Metaphors of different mapping conditions but similar lexical implementations. For example he calls his teacher by his first name. Definition to have a friendly relation with Translation in Persian ss Is-a The word for word translation he calls his teacher by his first name. 4. Metaphors of different mapping conditions and different lexical implementations. For example mortal gets the gasohol out here Definition annoying person Translation in Persian The word for word translation somebody get the stick out of here. The SSL metaphor doesnt exist in TTL For example he is a late bloomer There isnt any equivalent in TTL So the TTL speaker use liter al language to explain 6. The TTL metaphor doesnt exist in the SSL (the SSL speaker use literal language, TTL speaker conceptualize an identity in metaphorical structure. Metaphor in Persian poems In Persian poetry, specially the lyric (odes), feeling, thought and situation or even the persons are described by metaphor. There are two reasons for this first of all are the poetic aspects of metaphor the other reason is that it is politically foolish to express feeling explicitly.Different aspects of love and characteristics of honey, nature, wine are described by metaphor. Hafiz employs metaphor to mask his real meaning. He uses code words which do not represent their ordinary meaning. Metaphoric wine wine-coloured is used in Persian poetry either in actual sense or in metaphoric sense. Hafiz sometimes use wine to refer to beloved, friend, teacher or master or God. attar also refers to wine metaphorically as follow 15 Metaphor in describing beloved The beloved often is image of a n idealized abstract entity rather than a physical

Hyundai Creative Brief

I. Market Info a. In phratry 2012, Hyundai had sales of 11,403 with YTD sales numbers reaching 107,612. This accounted for a 12. 9% Canadian market share to date. The YTD for kinsfolk 2012 sales of the electric vehicles available in Canada are as follows Nissan Leaf 196 units (up 367% from 2011), Mitsubishi i-MiEV 165 units , Chevrolet Volt 927 units (up 548% from 2011). Of the 1,305,538 cars change to date in Canada, electric car sales accounted for 0. 0099% of total car sales. According to these numbers, Canadians are non embracing electric cars at a significant rate, however the World Wildlife Fund of Canada is aiming to defy 600,000 EVs on Canadian roads by 2020, accounting for 10% of exclusively car sales. The WWF intends to do this by * highlight environmental benefits of EVs * support improved access to EVs and EV infrastructure achieve emulous pricing with conventional vehicles * expand travel freedom for EV users with infrastructure and travel partnership options * get out Canadians with cocksure EV information and experiences Government agencies have also offered incentives for buyers and owners of EVs for example the Ontario authorities is offering a rebate between $5,000 and $8,000 as well as a Green permit plate which enables owners to use High-Occupancy Vehicle lanes, even if there is only one mortal in the vehicle as well as future access to public recharging facilities and parking at GO situation and government lots. . Brand profile Hyundai vehicles run the gamut from budget cars to luxury sedans to commercial trucks. sulfur Koreas leading carmaker, Hyundai labor produces compact and luxury cars, SUVs, minivans, trucks, buses, and other commercial vehicles. Its cars are sold in 180 countries through any(prenominal) 6,000 dealerships. Hyundai generates some half of its sales in South Korea, but its vehicles are also popular in emerging markets such as China and India. The company operates a dozen manufacturing plants in Chin a, the Czech Republic, India, Russia, South Korea, Turkey and the US. Hyundai also owns a 34% stake in Kia Motors.Some key benefits of the Hyundai reproach are * in advance(p), premium, cheap mentality towards car origination * Hyundai backs their product with an excellent warranty and service. * Heavy investment in design and promotion * Focus more on explaining a cars history, its value and its strengths, rather than just talking about price Hyundais cross off reputation hasnt always been the greatest and has only increased in spite of appearance the last 5 years or so as Hyundai made the switch from making cheap, economical cars to affordable, modern, premium and reliable cars that are fun to drive, luxurious and backed by an excellent warranty.Some issues Hyundai faces are * curt reputation in regards to reliability * Poor reputation in regards to build quality * Not cognize for making sporty or luxurious cars * Overcoming well-established brands such as Toyota, Honda and VW c. Brand Proposition Hyundais brand slogan NEW THINKING. NEW POSSIBILITIES. reflects the will of Hyundai Motor Company to create new possibilities to benefit the demesne and its people by encouraging and ontogeny new thinking.All members of Hyundai have the brand slogan deeply engraved in their hearts as they move forward in their effort to provide new set and experiences desired by todays customers through innovative ways that are unique to the brand, compulsive by new thinking about customers and cars. d. Brand Position Hyundais brand direction Modern premium does not just mean luxury cars it is about providing new values and experiences to yet more customers of today through ways that are unique to the brand and which go beyond what customers expect by combining exceptional military operation with reasonable price and emotional elegance.Being simple but perfect, staying faithful to the fundamental principle yet different from the others, and not forgetting the bi g picture while paying attention to the smallest details developing cars that cater to the diverse lifestyles of customers and propose an advanced automobile life and culture enriching the lives of customers who have an active and positive approach to lifethat is the Modern premium of Hyundai Motor Company. e. Positioning Statement For the Earth-conscious, high-mileage driver who wishes to be whisked past in a safe, fun and environmentally responsible way.Hyundai Fuel-Cell cater cars will get you where you need to go, unheeding of the distance, with very little impact on the environment and your wallet, giving you the confidence of knowing youre the smartest person on the road. f. Competitors Profiles Honda YTD for September 2012, Honda owned 9. 0% of the Canadian market. Some Honda brand strengths let in * Well known for reliability * Consumers will buy a Honda regardless of their level of luxury, sportiness, features or price. * true customer base/repeat buyers * Consumers w ill rarely shop most if their first choice is a HondaBrand weaknesses include * Have rested on their laurels * Very few innovative or fire products * Redesigned the 2012 Civic after 1 model year because of lack of innovation * Rely on brand loyalty to drive sales Honda utilizes the same media as most other prominent brands in the industry. They have a strong presence both online (through social media websites as well as their own homepage) and in print (many ads in newspapers and magazines). They also invest heavily in televised ads and billboards. Honda has positioned themselves as a company make on dreams.And these dreams inspire us to create innovative products that enhance human mobility and benefit society. Toyota YTD for September 2012, Toyota owns 11. 8% of the Canadian market. Toyota brand strengths * Synonymous for reliable cars * diversified product range * highly targeted marketing and a commitment to lean manufacturing and quality * Loyal customer base * Customers will rarely shop around before purchasing a Toyota Weaknesses * Massive recalls and lawsuits over the past few years * Boring styling and performance Recognized mainly for economy and not performance * Slightly older buyer demographic Toyota utilizes all of the traditional methods of media, much like Honda does. * Print * Social Media Networks * TV and Billboards * Own homepage g. Target Market Profile * Similar to early adopters of hybrids, early adopters of EVs will be young, very high income individuals word sense is already being popularized by high-profile celebrities * Average incomes are expected to be in excess of $200K HHI who already own one or more vehicles Early Majority Profile * View the product as Green and lean * Top purchaser influence is Reliability * Household income $114K * sexual activity 67% manlike * Location Urban and Suburban * Ages 40-45 Non-adopter profile * View the product as Expensive * Household Income $54K * Gender 49% Male * Location Suburban an d rural Barriers to Adoption Include * Price and cost of monomania * Familiarity with clean technologies * Size of the vehicle(too small) * Fuel cell infrastructure * Brand II. IMC Objective This IMC campaign must name the issue of the barriers to adoption that fuel-cell powered automobiles face.The IMC campaign must prove to the consumer that the high initial cost, range of the vehicle, fuel-cell modify station infrastructure and most importantly, that green technologies much different than the standard gasoline engine should not be a barrier to adoption as the cost of ownership is relatively low, the environment benefits greatly from zero-emissions vehicles, fuel-cell powered vehicles do not limit range like electric vehicles do and that a fuel-cell powered vehicle is a viable, and just as convenient alternative to the gasoline-powered car. - 1 . www. goodcarbadcar. net/2012/10/september-2012-canada-auto-sales-brand-rankings2. hypertext markup language 2 . http//www. goodcar badcar. net/2012/10/september-2012-ytd-canada-auto-sales-rankings. htmlmore 3 . http//www. northumberlandview. ca/index. php? module=news& caseful=user&func=display&sid=17939 4 . http//news. ontario. ca/mto/en/2010/06/ontario-paves-the-way-for-electric-vehicles. html 5 . ttp//worldwide. hyundai. com/WW/Corporate/CorporateInformation/BrandSlogan/index. html 6 . http//worldwide. hyundai. com/WW/Corporate/CorporateInformation/BrandSlogan/index. html 7 . http//www. goodcarbadcar. net/2012/10/september-2012-canada-auto-sales-brand-rankings2. html 8 . http//corporate. honda. com/about/ 9 . http//www. deloitte. com. br/publicacoes/2007/MFG. Gaining_Traction_customer_view_of_electric_vehicle_mass_adoption. pdf